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WORLD AND LANGUAGE. TO THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF EXPRESSION IN HUSSERL AND HEIDEGGER

Abstract
At the beginning of the VI Logical Investigation, Husserl interprets expressive acts as bearers of meaning. This interpretation seems to reverse the research perspective established in the previous – as well as subsequent — investigations and which has predetermined the dominant reading of Husserl’s phenomenology of sense and meaning in their relation to language. Language, as it is presented in the phenomenology of expression in the First Investigation of the second volume of “Logical Investigations”, as well as in a number of other key works (especially “Ideas I”), seems secondary in relation to consciousness, which gives meaning, as well as in relation to meaning itself, which, even when rethought in the spirit of transcendental phenomenology, i. e., deprived of its freedom from consciousness, retains its freedom from language, in other words, from the linguistic point of view, it remains a meaning for which being expressed is no more than an accidental circumstance. This secondary nature (or its semblance) corresponds to the established idea of Husserl’s understanding of language as a transparent medium for the transmission of initially extralinguistic data and ideal meanings. On the contrary, where expressive acts prove to be the original bearer of meaning and, consequently, of intentionality itself as a constitutive feature of consciousness, namely acts that, according to Husserl, belong to a meaningfully functioning expression as an essential component, the contours of a completely different phenomenology of language emerge. The article attempts to develop the hermeneutic potential of Husserl’s analysis of expressive acts in “Logical Investigations” and to show its significance for Heidegger’s phenomenology. Based on this, the author of the paper thematizes how, in a world where everything has already been said and interpreted, is it possible to maintain both the difference and the unity of what has been said and shown (the unity that phenomenology itself claims to be) and does phenomenology give us the opportunity to implement Wittgenstein’s strategy of silent showing in language itself, that is, in a fundamentally different, non-Wittgensteinian way.

Keywords
expression, world, language, phenomenology, idle talk, conscience, silence, Husserl, Heidegger.

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